Understanding Pregnancy Gingivitis
and Periodontitis
Pregnancy is a physiological state that
brings a wide range of changes in a
woman's life, including a susceptibility
to periodontal diseases, probably
due to hormonal changes associated
with pregnancy. The metabolism and
immunology of the body are modified by
hormones like progesterone and estrogen
as well as other local factors. These
hormones may modify the oral mucosa and
lead to various periodontal diseases.
Two theories have been proposed for the
action of periodontal tissues:
Effect of estrogen on the periodontal tissue:
Effect of progesterone on the periodontal tissues:
The microbial and gingival changes in
pregnancy results in pregnancy Gingivitis
which is characterised by erythema,
edema, hyperplasia and increased pocket
depth, increased bleeding and even leading
to mobility of tooth. These conditions
worsen if oral hygiene is poor before
pregnancy.
Treatment Protocols:
Complications of pregnancy Gingivitis:
Gingivitis can cause complications in the
patient's mouth and even in the pregnancy.
Periodontitis is a more advanced stage of
gum disease that can spread down to the
bone. If a patient develops Periodontitis,
studies have shown an increased risk of
preterm birth or low birth weight, among
other conditions like pregnancy Gingival
Tumour. Remember, the gums hold the
teeth in place. If left untreated, Gingivitis
and Periodontitis may eventually lead to
tooth loss.
Dr. Riddhi Rathi Seth
Consultant
Orthodontics &
Dentofacial Orthopaedics
Nanavati Super
Speciality Hospital
Mumbai